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Adversaries may leverage manufacturer or supplier set default credentials on control system devices. These default credentials may have administrative permissions and may be necessary for initial configuration of the device. It is general best practice to change the passwords for these accounts as soon as possible, but some manufacturers may have devices that have passwords or usernames that cannot be changed. (Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)

Synonym for "checksum".

Refers to information (stored or conveyed, in any form) that is formally required by a security policy to receive data confidentiality service and to be marked with a security label (which, in some cases, might be implicit) to indicate its protected status. (See: classify, collateral information, SAP, security level. Compare: unclassified.)

See: European Telecommunication Standards Institute.

See: key encrypting key. (Compare: KAK.)

See: brand certification authority.

Synonym for "information system", or a component thereof. (Compare: computer platform.)

Denotes various forms of digitized images of handwritten signatures. (Compare: digital signature).