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A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area past a buffer. In this case, a buffer is a sequential section of memory allocated to contain anything from a character string to an array of integers. Writing outside the bounds of a block of allocated memory can corrupt data, crash the program, or cause the execution of malicious code.

A digital certificate that binds a set of descriptive data items, other than a public key, either directly to a subject name or to the identifier of another certificate that is a public key certificate. (See: capability token.)

A security service that verifies an identity claimed by or for an entity. (See: authentication.)

Information that is classified but is not required to be protected by an SAP. (See: /U.S. Government/ classified.)

In a system being operated in periods processing mode, the act of purging all information from one processing period and then changing over to the next processing period. (See: BLACK, RED.)

Measures that implement and assure security services in a communication system, particularly those that provide data confidentiality and data integrity and that authenticate communicating entities.